Environmental Management

Natural Resources Management

Environmental management or also called natural resource management works on using technically and scientifically sound tactics to understand and manage the ecosystem.
Natural resource management deals with managing the way in which people and natural landscapes interact. It brings together natural heritage management, land use planning, water management, biodiversity conservation, and the future sustainability of industries like agriculture, mining, tourism, fisheries, and forestry. It recognizes that people and their livelihoods rely on the health and productivity of our landscapes, and their actions as stewards of the land play a critical role in maintaining this health and productivity.” The way our natural surroundings and changes in them are affecting our lives and will be affecting our future generations is studied through this management program.

Water Resources Management

As reported by The World Bank, due to current practices, the world will face a 40% shortfall between forecast demand and available supply of water by 2030. To mitigate this problem, water resources management is the best option. With the help of such a system the policy management, regulations, monitoring, prompt decision making, all will become a lot easier. Investments in creative projects such as software that can make water resource management more viable will prove to be proactive steps in taking care of this situation. From recycling rainwater, greywater, and staying aware of water wastage, water resource management can be implemented with the help of local communities and the latest technologies.

Solid Waste Management

With the rapid growth in population, solid waste has been burgeoning at an excruciating rate. Without proper management, it will soon penetrate in destroying other natural resources as well. 
Solid waste management can be divided into three categories.

• Infrastructure and Industries Most of the solid waste generated comes either from the infrastructure or industries. Therefore, solid waste management is a must in these sectors, through innovation and technology.
• Local Awareness Locals are not aware of how to dispose of their waste, leading to heaps of garbage lying at the side of the roads leading to an unhygienic environment.               
•  Drives making these people understand the importance of solid waste management are crucial.

By social inclusion, using proper recycling processes and tools, solid waste management can be implemented with ease.

Environmental/Hazardous Waste Management

As per the definition in a published paper by The World Bank: “Hazardous materials (Hazmats): are those materials that represent an excessive risk to property, the environment, or human health because of their physical and/or chemical characteristics. ” 
Following is the official procedure to be followed when doing hazardous waste management., as recommended by The World Bank.

• Screening: Determine the characteristics and threshold quantities of each material and separate according to the categories specified by The World Bank.
• Hazardous Materials Management: Manage the risks associated with all Hazmat facilities and activities through:   
       
  →Management Actions: training, worker health and safety, record keeping, and reporting.
  → Preventive Plans: for transportation, processes and operations, and hazardous wastes.
  →Emergency Preparedness and Response Plans: response activities, medical assistance, communications, and incident reporting.
   
• Community Involvement and Awareness: Inform the potentially affected community and provide public feedback.

Forestry and Agroforestry Management

This management system works on the idea of creating land in which forest and agriculture can both exist together. Apart from the monetary benefits gained by agriculture, the forest can provide for some marketable products like wood, nuts, medicinal extracts, etc. Apart from introducing a new set of the ecosystem, agroforestry is an arrangement that is favorable to all its surroundings as it not only helps in increasing the farmer’s income but also mitigates problems like soil erosion, plant growth, maintenance of wildlife, and much more. Some traditional practices that are followed in agroforestry management are crop diversification, tree-crop interaction, an arrangement of all the plantations that lead to soil and water conservation, and much more. These days many of these things can be done through various modeling software and other modern tools, which makes the generation and implementation of such management processes easier.

Environmental Economics and Policy Support

Environmental Economics is a discipline that studies the relation between the environment and economics. Over the years we have seen that many reforms and policies have always been inclined towards economic welfare, ignoring its environmental impact. After the onslaught of climate change, a consciousness about such malice needed to be generated, and a balance between both the subjects involved needed to be established. Hence Environmental Economics was born that tries to define the financial aftermath of environmental degradation. Pollution and exploitation can lead to a lot of ecological damage, to reverse such effects, some financial input needs to be given. With the help of experts, such environment-related economic policies can be checked through theoretical modeling and studies.